CD22, also known as B-cell receptor-like protein (BL-CAM), has a molecular weight of approximately 135 kDa and is predominantly expressed on the surface membrane of B-cells. This transmembrane protein undergoes posttranslational modifications, including glycosylation, which plays a role in its structure and function.
The primary role of CD22 is to act as a B-cell co-receptor involved in modulating B-cell activation and immune responses. CD22 is recognized for its ability to bind sialic acid residues on glycoproteins, acting as a negative regulator of B-cell receptor signaling. In other words, CD22 helps maintain immune tolerance and prevent excessive immune responses by inhibiting B-cell activation.
CD22 is expressed on the surface of B cells throughout various developmental stages, with particularly high levels observed in mature B cells. It is present in lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, where B-cell activation and immune responses are prevalent. The expression of CD22 is modulated during B-cell development and in response to different signaling events, allowing for fine-tuning of B-cell responses.
In human health and disease, CD22 plays a crucial role in regulating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Dysregulation of CD22 function has been implicated in autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, CD22 is a target for therapeutic interventions in B-cell malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).
Antibodies targeting CD22 have significant clinical applications. In diagnostics, CD22 antibodies are utilized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry to detect and quantify CD22 expression in tissues and cells. These antibodies also have therapeutic applications, as CD22 is a validated target for antibody-based treatments in B-cell malignancies. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting CD22 deliver cytotoxic agents selectively to CD22-expressing B cells, providing a targeted and effective therapeutic approach.
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Synonyms
B-cell receptor CD22, B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule, Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 2, T-cell surface antigen Leu-14, B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule (BL-CAM); B-cell receptor CD22; CD22; Lectin 2; Lyb8; Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 2 (Siglec-2); SIGLEC2; T-cell surface antigen Leu-14
Research Areas
Cardiovascular, Immunology, B Cell Markers, Dendritic Cell Marker, Hematopoietic Stem Cells
