S100A1 is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 protein family. It is encoded by the S100A1 gene on chromosome 1q21 in humans. The S100A1 protein consists of 94 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 10.4 kDa. Post-translational modifications of S100A1 include phosphorylation, nitrosylation, and acetylation, which can influence its activity and interaction with other proteins.
S100A1 is an intracellular protein that plays a crucial role in calcium signaling and homeostasis, particularly in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, where it regulates contractile function by modulating the activity of ion channels and enzymes involved in calcium handling. S100A1 expression has also been observed in neurons, possibly contributing to synaptic plasticity and neuronal function. Additionally, S100A1 interacts with various proteins involved in calcium signaling, including the ryanodine receptor and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), modulating their activity and contributing to muscle contraction and relaxation. The expression of S100A1 is tightly regulated in response to various physiological and pathological stimuli, including changes in calcium levels, hormonal signals, and cellular stress. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms control S100A1 expression in different cell types and tissues.
Dysregulation of S100A1 expression or activity has been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. Reduced levels of S100A1 have been associated with impaired contractile function, increased susceptibility to arrhythmias, and poor prognosis in heart failure patients. Therefore, S100A1 expression analysis may offer valuable diagnostic and prognostic information for treating heart failure and other cardiovascular disorders.
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Synonyms
Protein S100-A1, S-100 protein alpha chain, S-100 protein subunit alpha, S100 calcium-binding protein A1, Bpb; NEF; S100-A1; S100 Alpha Chain; S100 Beta Chain; S100 Calcium Binding Protein A1; S100 Calcium Binding Protein B; S100 Calcium Binding Protein Beta Neural
Research Areas
Immunology, Infectious Disease
