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The proto-oncogene c-Ets-1 is a transcription factor known to regulate expression of a number of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. The processes of tumor invasion and metastasis are thought to depend on the increased proteolytic activity of the invading tumor cells which may involve matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins B and D and plasminogen activator in the metastatic cascade. Ets-1 interacts with the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene enhancer and with the promoters of stromelysins-1 and collagenase-1 gene which may implicate it in this process. In situ hybridisation studies have indicated Ets-1 mRNA to be absent from normal colon mucosa but positive in endothelial cells of stromal capillaries and stromal fibroblasts, often with increased staining in fibroblasts adjacent to neoplastic cells.
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