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Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) is an integral membrane glycoprotein. It is required for normal neurotransmission and may play a role in the regulation of calcium-stimulated exocytosis. SV2 exists in three forms, SV2A, SV2B and SV2C, each containing 12 transmembrane spanning regions. SV2 proteins are among the most abundant and conserved components of synaptic vesicles in vertebrates. They are present on all small synaptic vesicles independent of transmitter type. SV2A and SV2B are widely distributed in the nervous system, whereas SV2C is only observed in a small number of neurons in a few areas of the brain. SV2A is expressed at the highest levels in subcortical regions, whereas the highest level of expression of SV2B is in the cortex and hippocampus. SV2 is expressed on secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine cells in the GI tract, pancreas, anterior pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal medulla and also in exocrine chief cells of gastric mucosa.
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