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Heat shock protein (HSP) 105 exists as two isoforms; alpha and beta which belong to the HSP105/HSP110 protein family. HSP105 acts as both a chaperone to prevent thermal aggregation of proteins and as a regulator of mammalian cells. The HSP105 isoforms are found in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleoli under non-stressed and stressed conditions. In rodents, HSP105 isoforms are moderately expressed in the adrenal glands, spleen, liver and heart and both are markedly increased after heat shock. In the testis, HSP105 is specifically localized in the cytoplasm of germ cells and may translocate to the nucleus after heat shock. The most abundant expression occurs in the brain with nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in nearly all neurones, oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes. Increased expression during embryogenesis suggests that HSP105 may have an important role during mouse embryo development.
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